Methodology & Sources

1. Calorie and macronutrient calculations

The onboarding flow estimates Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR), Total Daily Energy Expenditure (TDEE), and recommended macronutrient targets (protein, fat, carbohydrates).

BMR — Mifflin-St Jeor equation

• Mifflin MD, St Jeor ST, Hill LA, Scott BJ, Daugherty SA, Koh YO. A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;51(2):241-247. PubMed: 2305711. DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/51.2.241
• Frankenfield D, Roth-Yousey L, Compher C. Comparison of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in healthy nonobese and obese adults: a systematic review. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105(5):775-789. PubMed: 15883556

Activity multipliers (TDEE)

• FAO/WHO/UNU Joint Expert Consultation. Human energy requirements. Food and Nutrition Technical Report Series 1. Rome, 2004. fao.org/3/y5686e
• Institute of Medicine (US). Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (Macronutrients). National Academies Press; 2005. nap.edu/catalog/10490

Protein recommendations

• Jäger R, Kerksick CM, Campbell BI, et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14:20. PubMed: 28642676. DOI: 10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8
• Helms ER, Aragon AA, Fitschen PJ. Evidence-based recommendations for natural bodybuilding contest preparation: nutrition and supplementation. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2014;11:20. PubMed: 24864135

Macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR)

• Trumbo P, Schlicker S, Yates AA, Poos M. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein and amino acids. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102(11):1621-1630. PubMed: 12449285

2. Peptide dose calculator

The peptide calculator converts a target dose (mg or mcg) into volume (mL) and insulin syringe units, given vial strength and reconstitution volume. The math is standard pharmacology — the calculator does not recommend doses, only converts user-entered values into syringe markings.

Reconstitution and dose-volume calculation

• U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) General Chapter <797>. Pharmaceutical Compounding — Sterile Preparations. Standard reference for reconstitution math. usp.org
• BD (Becton Dickinson). Insulin syringe specifications: U-100 syringes calibrated at 1 unit = 0.01 mL; U-40 syringes calibrated at 1 unit = 0.025 mL. Manufacturer reference, used for unit↔volume conversion in both standards. bd.com
• Allen LV. The Art, Science, and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compounding. 5th ed. American Pharmacists Association; 2016. (General reference for dilution and concentration calculations.)

Specific peptide references

Each peptide page in Calorize includes its own scientific references. Below are the key trials and reviews most commonly cited.

• Semaglutide: Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, et al. Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adults with Overweight or Obesity (STEP 1). N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):989-1002. NEJMoa2032183
• Tirzepatide: Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, et al. Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity (SURMOUNT-1). N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205-216. NEJMoa2206038
• BPC-157: Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Rucman R, et al. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in clinical trials as a therapy for inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Pharm Des. 2018;24(18):1990-2001. PubMed: 29879883
• TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4): Goldstein AL, Hannappel E, Kleinman HK. Thymosin β4: actin-sequestering protein moonlights to repair injured tissues. Trends Mol Med. 2005;11(9):421-429. PubMed: 16099219
• CJC-1295 / Ipamorelin (GHRH/GHRP): Sigalos JT, Pastuszak AW. The safety and efficacy of growth hormone secretagogues. Sex Med Rev. 2018;6(1):45-53. PubMed: 28526632

Important: Many peptides are not approved by the FDA, EMA, or other regulators for general use. Calorize provides a dose calculator and educational information only. Always consult a licensed physician before initiating any peptide therapy.

3. Food Cravings Assessment

The Food Noise Index test included in Calorize is adapted from the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and its later short-form revision. It is a self-screening instrument — not a clinical diagnostic tool. A high score indicates patterns consistent with food addiction; it does not establish a diagnosis.

• Gearhardt AN, Corbin WR, Brownell KD. Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Appetite. 2009;52(2):430-436. PubMed: 19121351. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.12.003
• Gearhardt AN, Corbin WR, Brownell KD. Development of the Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0. Psychol Addict Behav. 2016;30(1):113-121. PubMed: 26866783
• Schulte EM, Gearhardt AN. Development of the Modified Yale Food Addiction Scale Version 2.0. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2017;25(4):302-308. PubMed: 28370722
• Hauck C, Cook B, Ellrott T. Food addiction, eating addiction and eating disorders. Proc Nutr Soc. 2020;79(1):103-112. PubMed: 31265411

Important: Food addiction is a research construct under active scientific debate. Self-assessment results are not a diagnosis. If you have concerns about disordered eating, please consult a qualified clinician.

4. General disclaimers

• Calorize is an educational and tracking tool. It is not a medical device under EU MDR, FDA, or any other regulatory framework.
• No information in the app should be interpreted as medical, nutritional, or pharmacological advice.
• All calculations are estimates based on population-level formulas. Individual variation can be significant.
• If you are pregnant, nursing, taking prescription medication, or have a medical condition, consult a licensed healthcare provider before changing your diet, exercise routine, or supplementation.
• Peptide products discussed for educational purposes are not endorsed for therapeutic use unless prescribed by a physician.

Contact

Questions about a specific calculation, citation, or methodology? Email hey@calorize.com.ua.